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Clever Hans (The Horse of Mr. Von Osten)
Oskar Pfungst and Carl Leo Rahn
A horse in Berlin seemed to do arithmetic, tapping out answers with his hoof, and all Germany wondered. Oskar Pfungst investigated, and his careful experiments revealed something subtler than genius about how Clever Hans really knew. A landmark study in animal cognition and unconscious cues. For anyone fascinated by what animals understand, and how we fool ourselves.
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57 chapters
- 1CLEVER HANS
- 2PREFATORY NOTE
- 3CONTENTS
- 4INTRODUCTION
- 5THE HORSE OF MR. VON OSTEN
- 6CHAPTER I THE PROBLEM OF ANIMAL CONSCIOUSNESS AND "CLEVER HANS"
- 7FOOTNOTES:
- 8CHAPTER II EXPERIMENTS AND OBSERVATIONS
- 9A. Experimental Conditions
- 10B. Experimental Results
- 11I. Problems solved by tapping
- 12II. Problems which Hans solved by movements of the head.
- 13III. Problems which Hans solved by approaching the objects to be designated.
- 14FOOTNOTES:
- 15CHAPTER III THE AUTHOR'S INTROSPECTIONS
- 16FOOTNOTES:
- 17CHAPTER IV LABORATORY TESTS
- 18FOOTNOTES:
+ 39 more. The full contents open with the book.
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